The Panchatantra (IAST: Pancatantra, Sanskrit: Panchstantra, "Five Treatises") is a ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose, arranged within a frame story. The surviving work is dated to roughly 200 BCE, based on older oral tradition. The text's author is unknown, but has been attributed to Vishnu Sharma in some recensions and Vasubhaga in others, both of which may be pen names.It is classical literature in a Hindu text, and based on old oral traditions with "animal parables that are as old as we are able to imagine".
It is "definitely the most frequently translated literary product of India", and these stories are among the most widely known in the world.It goes through many names in many cultures. There is a version of Panchatantra in almost every major language of India, and in addition there are 200 versions of the text in more than 50 languages around the world.One version reached Europe in the 11th century. [To quote Edgerton (1924):
Panchtantra Book
Author: Pandit Vishnu Sharma
Translator; Vinubhai.U. Patel
Publisher: M. M. Sahitya Prakashan, Mahavir Marg, Anand.
This e - book of Total Page: 236
Total of 14 story in this e - book
This e - book of children story book
This e - book can be freely downloaded
The prelude section of the Panchatantra identifies an octogenarian named Brahmin named Vishnu Sharma (IAST: Viṣṇuśarman) as its author. He is the leader of three princes of Amarasakti. It is unclear, states Patrick Olivelle, a professor of Sanskrit and Indian religions, if Vishnu Sharma was a real person or himself a literary invention. Some South Indian recessions of the text, as well as Southeast Asian versions of Panchatantra attribute the text to Vasubhaga, states Olivelle.Based on the content and mention of the same name in other texts dated to ancient and medieval era centuries, most scholars agree that Vishnu Sharma is a fictitious name. Olivelle and other scholars state that regardless of who the author was, it is likely "the author was a Hindu, and not a Buddhist, nor Jain", but it is unlikely that the author was a devotee of Hindu god Vishnu because the text neither Expresses any sentiments against other Hindu deities such as Shiva, Indra and others, nor does it avoid invoking them with reverence.
Various locations where the text was composed Some of the proposed locations are Kashmir, Southwestern or South India.Sanskrit Though the text is now known as Panchatantra, the title found in old manuscript versions varies regionally, and names like Tantrakhyayika, Panchakhyanaka, Panchakhyana and Tantropakhyana. The suffix akhyayika and akhyanaka mean "little story" or "little story book" in Sanskrit.
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