Different types of ink were known in antiquity, usually prepared from soot and gum, and later also from gall nuts and iron vitriol. This gave writing a brownish black color, but black or brown were not the only colors used. There are texts written in red or even gold, and different colors were used for illumination. For very luxurious manuscripts the whole parchment was colored purple, and the text was written on it with gold or silver (for example, Codex Argenteus).[17]
Irish monks introduced spacing between words in the 7th century. This facilitated reading, as these monks tended to be less familiar with Latin. However, the use of spaces between words did not become commonplace before the 12th century. It has been argued that the use of spacing between words shows the transition from semi-vocalized reading into silent reading.
The first books used parchment or vellum (calfskin) for the pages. The book covers were made of wood and covered with leather. Because dried parchment tends to assume the form it had before processing, the books were fitted with clasps or straps. During the later Middle Ages, when public libraries appeared, up to the 18th century, books were often chained to a bookshelf or a desk to prevent theft. These chained books are called libri catenati.
Download Your Admit Card : Click Here
The first list of admissions granted under the Right to Education RTE Act will be declared , and students whose names are on the list will be required to confirm their ADMISSION at the respective schools , the state education department has said.
The first list of admissions granted under the Right to Education RTE Act will be declared , and students whose names are on the list will be required to confirm their ADMISSION at the respective schools , the state education department has said.
1.10 lakh students will be admitted to schools in the state this year and the process of filling online forms . The education department intends to complete the first round of admissions under RTE before the summer vacation begins on May 6.
Download Your Admit Card : Click Here
The first round of entry for Standard 1 under RTE admission revealed. Please check your name and download call letter - if you fill in the form, please share it.
