Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a
subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or
explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); it can be
more or less formal or systematic.[1] In philosophy, the study of
knowledge is called epistemology; the philosopher Plato famously defined
knowledge as "justified true belief", though this definition is now
agreed by most analytic philosophers to be problematic because of the
Gettier problems. However, several definitions of knowledge and theories
to explain it exist.
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception,
communication, and reasoning;[2] while knowledge is also said to be
related to the capacity of acknowledgment in human beings.The definition
of knowledge is a matter of ongoing debate among philosophers in the
field of epistemology. The classical definition, described but not
ultimately endorsed by Plato,[4] specifies that a statement must meet
three criteria in order to be considered knowledge: it must be
justified, true, and believed. Some claim that these conditions are not
sufficient, as Gettier case examples allegedly demonstrate. There are a
number of alternatives proposed, including Robert Nozick's arguments for
a requirement that knowledge 'tracks the truth' and Simon Blackburn's
additional requirement that we do not want to say that those who meet
any of these conditions 'through a defect, flaw, or failure' have
knowledge. Richard Kirkham suggests that our definition of knowledge
requires that the evidence for the belief necessitates its truth.In
contrast to this approach, Ludwig Wittgenstein observed, following
Moore's paradox, that one can say "He believes it, but it isn't so," but
not "He knows it, but it isn't so."[6] He goes on to argue that these
do not correspond to distinct mental states, but rather to distinct ways
of talking about conviction. What is different here is not the mental
state of the speaker, but the activity in which they are engaged. For
example, on this account, to know that the kettle is boiling is not to
be in a particular state of mind, but to perform a particular task with
the statement that the kettle is boiling. Wittgenstein sought to bypass
the difficulty of definition by looking to the way "knowledge" is used
in natural languages. He saw knowledge as a case of a family
resemblance. Following this idea, "knowledge" has been reconstructed as a
cluster concept that points out relevant features but that is not
adequately captured by any definition.This is most useful knowledge
sparks in all competative exam,now a days competative exam in gujrat
held most of people visit every site n search that types of knowledge so
i put here knowledge sparks every day one short reminder
GUJARAT NA STHADO: DOWNLOAD
GUJARAT NA STHADO: DOWNLOAD
0 C "GUJARAT NA VIVIDH STHADO ANE TENI MAHITI "